In 399 BCE, Socrates was tried and sentenced to death for irreligion and corrupting youth. Xenophon, a contemporary and follower, defends Socrates in his work Memorabilia, portraying him as a moral educator. The text includes dialogues covering topics like education, justice, and self-knowledge, emphasizing Socratic methods to foster virtue. Socrates believed that self-knowledge and reasoned self-control were crucial steps toward moral improvement. The Apology captures Socrates’ dignified conduct during his final days, reflecting his ideals and philosophy.
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